1. Introduction During industrial production, oils such as lubricating oil and engine oil tend to age and deteriorate due to longterm contact with additives, metal powder, oil chips, and other impurities [1]. Eventually, these oils need to be replaced to avoid damage to equipment and losses in efficiency [2].
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The wet flow characteristic of waterinsoluble solid particles such as coal is enhanced by forming on the surface of the solid particles a coating of a fluid having the property of lowering surface tension in aqueous solution, preferably a water solution of a substance from the group consisting of methyl and dimethyl naphthalene sulfonates and ethoxylated linear secondary alcohols, the ...
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Shuaifeng Lyu Penglei Shen Abstract and Figures Coal powders, as cuttings, invade the drilling fluid along a coal seam during coalbed methane development, thereby changing the properties of the...
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Watercoal interactions are dominant factors that affect water quality in coal mines. Using lixiviation, the effects of watercoal interactions on pH, salinity, and hazardous elemental enrichment in coal mine water and associated trends were simulated and analyzed. The salinity and hazardous element contents were low in the alkaline solution filtrate. However, the salinity and contents of ...
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Lignite (derived from Latin lignum meaning 'wood') often referred to as brown coal, is a soft, brown, combustible, sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed has a carbon content around 2535%, and is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat removed from the ground, it contains a very high amount of moisture which partially explains its ...
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Geochemical processes and the effects of natural organic solutes on the solubility of selenium in coalmine backfill aquifers were investigated. Backfill and groundwater samples were collected at coal mines in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming. Backfill was generally dominated by aluminum (14,400 to 49,000 mg/kg (milligrams per kilogram)), iron (3,330 to 23,200 mg/kg), and potassium (7,950 to 18,00
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Solubility is often expressed as the mass of solute per volume (g/L) or mass of solute per mass of solvent (g/g), or as the moles of solute per volume (mol/L). Even for very soluble substances, however, there is usually a limit to how much solute can dissolve in a given quantity of solvent. In general, the solubility of a substance depends on ...
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scopic, we conducted the solubility study as a function of mixed water/surfactant solvent composition. From a practical point of view, it is essentially unavoidable that some water impurity be present during industrial chemical synthesis. Therefore, knowledge of how the solubility of mineral salts is affected by present water is desirable.
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The effect is particularly well seen with lime. Minute amounts of calcium hydroxide enhance the solubility of quartz, but large amounts almost completely depress it. Lime is not very soluble in water, but it is soluble enough to give a solution which is centinormal in alkalinity and has a pH of about 12.
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Phenol, or Benzenol, (also known as carbolic acid or phenolic acid) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C 6 H 5 OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is molecule consists of a phenyl group (−C 6 H 5) bonded to a hydroxy group (−OH).Mildly acidic, it requires careful handling because it can cause chemical burns.. Phenol was first extracted from coal ...
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The inclusion of odor or taste among other descriptive crystalline powder. Soluble in alcohol and in water; very properties may aid in identifying the causative agent followslightly soluble in acetone and in methylene chloride; practi ... exposure (, Coal Tar). Moreover, an unexpected odor talline, odorless powder. Sparingly soluble in ...
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The process is known as acid mine drainage. It happens when certain substances (typically iron sulfide, FeS2, or fool's gold) is oxidized after being exposed to air and water. Runoff can change the pH of nearby streams to the same level as vinegar.
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The 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isotopic ratios of watersoluble Sr from coal ash have been applied to delineate the impact of coal ash effluents on the aquatic environment for scenarios where the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios of the watersoluble Sr were different from those of background water (Harkness et al., 2016; Ruhl et al., 2014; Vengosh et al., 2016 ...
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solubility, degree to which a substance dissolves in a solvent to make a solution (usually expressed as grams of solute per litre of solvent). Solubility of one fluid (liquid or gas) in another may be complete (totally miscible;, methanol and water) or partial (oil and water dissolve only slightly).In general, "like dissolves like" (, aromatic hydrocarbons dissolve in each other ...
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In the current study, we report the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios of bulk and watersoluble Sr in fly ash derived from coals of the three major coalproducing basins in the, the Appalachian Basin, Illinois Basin, and Powder River Basin.
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The cocoa powder was characterized in terms of solubility, wettability, fat content, pH, color properties and particle size. The protocol of Dogan et al. was used as the reference of the solubility and wettability analyses. The solubility test was performed by adding 4 g of the cocoa powder into 40 ml of water (80 °C).
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Water temperature can have a significant effect on the solubility of compounds. Refer to the chart below to find reference values per gram of common compounds and salts (with chemical formula) at six temperatures of 100 g of water from 0 degrees to 100 degrees Celsius. The content and density of the total solution at 20 degrees are also provided.
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Activated carbon Activated carbon Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, is a form of carbon commonly used to filter contaminants from water and air, among many other uses.
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1 Introduction Coal fly ash (CFA), also known as pulverized fuel ash, is finely divided mineral residue obtained from powdered coal combustion in thermal power plants. During the process of burning, temperature may go above 1600 °C and most of the inorganic materials present in the coal get melted.
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Physicochemical properties of different classes of coal, such as density, moisture content, volatile matter (VM), fixed carbon (FC), calorific value, porosity, solubility, caking property, reflectance, etc., are directly linked with the chemistry and hence the rank of coal under study.
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A simple investigation of the water solubility of nanoparticles based on chitosan proved that such a potential carrier increases the solubility of curcumin in the hydrophilic solution. The solubility of curcumin in water ( μg/mL) after encapsulation into chitosan nanoparticles was improved up to 180 mg/mL.
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It reveals that the CO2watercoal interaction can significantly improve the solubility of Ca, S, Mg, K, Si, Al, Fe and Na. By comparing the mineral content and pore structure before and after ...
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Properties of Coal Powder. To understand whether coal powder can be dissolved in kerosene or not, let's check out its physical characteristics: Blackishbrown texture; Finegrained ; Flammable with a minimum ignition temperature between 300°C (572°F) and 540°C (1,004°F) Insoluble in water but soluble to carbon disulphide and petroleum ether
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Limestone (calcium carbonate CaCO 3) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of CaCO forms when these minerals precipitate out of water containing dissolved calcium. This can take place through both biological and nonbiological processes ...
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However, coal gangue powder (CGP) is usually obtained by calcining coal gangue waste residue at high temperature in engineering. ... Solubility (%) : : Density (15 °C, g/cm 3) Measured: : Table 5. Main indicators of PF. Project ... Performance of fiber reinforced asphalt concrete under environmental temperature and water effects ...
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Studies were conducted to examine the effect of flue gas carbon dioxide (CO2) on solubility and availability of different metals in fly ash of Powder River Basin (PRB) coal, Wyoming, USA. Initial ...
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Acetylene (systematic name: ethyne) is the chemical compound with the formula C 2 H 2 and structure H−C≡C− is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne. This colorless gas is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block. It is unstable in its pure form and thus is usually handled as a solution. Pure acetylene is odorless, but commercial grades usually have a marked odor due to ...
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Aniline (from Portuguese anil 'indigo shrub', and ine indicating a derived substance) is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 NH of a phenyl group (−C 6 H 5) attached to an amino group (−NH 2), aniline is the simplest aromatic is an industrially significant commodity chemical, as well as a versatile starting material for fine chemical synthesis.
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Fluorescence of Anthracene under UV light. Anthracene is a solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) of formula C 14 H 10, consisting of three fused benzene rings. It is a component of coal is used in the production of the red dye alizarin and other dyes. Anthracene is colorless but exhibits a blue (400500 nm peak) fluorescence under ultraviolet radiation.
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The first source is the watersoluble silicon fertilizer formed through the artificial combination of water glass (or quartz sand) and carbonates, with the availableSi above 60%. ... (or corn stalk powder) to coal gangue, and the availableSi content in the activated coal gangue produced—corresponding to five levels for each factor to be ...
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Fe solubility was measured to be % in diluted H 2 SO 4 solution (pH: ) for one coal fly ash sample from France (Desboeufs et al., 2005), and % in deionized water for one coal fly ash sample from USA (Oakes et al., 2012). As coal fly ash samples used in the two studies are very limited, the reported Fe solubility might not be ...
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Crystal structure of calcite. Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula Ca CO is a common substance found in rocks as the minerals calcite and aragonite, most notably in chalk and limestone, eggshells, gastropod shells, shellfish skeletons and containing much calcium carbonate or resembling it are described as calcareous.
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Benzene is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C 6 H benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar hexagonal ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. Because it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is classed as a hydrocarbon.. Benzene is a natural constituent of petroleum and is one of the elementary petrochemicals.
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Solubility: Insoluble in water Flammability: Nonflammable solid. Autoignition Temperature: 390 425oC Decomposition Temperature: >400°C Percent Volatile by Weight: 20 to 28% by weight moisture Flammable Limits (LEL/UEL): Lower flammable limit of finely dispersed bituminous coal dust is approximately 130 grams/cubic
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