Recently, the Union Cabinet has approved a proposal to amend the Second Schedule to the MMDR (Mines and Minerals Development and Regulation) Act to specify the royalty rates of certain minerals, including potash, emerald and platinum group of metals. MMDR Act, 1957 regulates the mining sector in India and specifies the requirement for obtaining ...
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India is highly dependent on coal for electricity generation. Nearly 60% of total electricity generated in India is from coal and it is the main source of the nation's greenhouse gas emissions. Nonfossil sources accounts for about 40%. The electricity generation from coalbased power plants in 202223 saw an increase of % over the previous ...
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Industrial processing of coal yields useful products like Coke, coal tar, and Coal gas. Coke: Coke is a rigid, porous, and black substance. It is the purest form of carbon. Coke is used in the manufacturing of steel and the extraction of metals. Coal Tar . Coal tar is a black and thick liquid with an unpleasant smell.
WhatsApp: +86 18203695377![[Indepth] Mining Sector in India IAS EXPRESS](/zt4f2sg/401.jpg)
As per the latest data released by the Ministry of Mines, Government of India, mineral production in India rose by per cent yearonyear in May 2022 led by a sharp jump in the output of coal, gold, phosphorite, and bauxite. India's mining sector has vast potential given it produces 95 minerals, including 10 metallic and 23 nonmetallic. The Government is keen on prioritizing coal and ...
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UPSC Exam. UPSC Exam; UPSC Exam 2024. UPSC Exam 2024; UPSC Syllabus 2024. ... sector of the oil and gas industry since oil refineries effectively act as the second step in the crude oil production process after the actual extraction of crude oil upstream. Distillation, the first step in the refining process, involves heating crude oil to ...
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Introduction: The Centre launched the auction of 41 coal blocks for commercial mining, with the Prime Minister formally giving the green signal and expressed optimism that it will help in reducing dependency on imports. The move is aimed at reviving the auction process, which has remained in limbo with only 31 coal blocks having . Continue reading "RSTV: THE BIG PICTURE INDIA'S COAL ...
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'Rathole' mining was used to extract coal from narrow and deep mines in Meghalaya. In January 2019, some 15 miners lost their lives when they were trapped for more than a month in one such mine.
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This process of separation of various constituents of petroleum is called petroleum refining. This is done in oil refineries. It is a threestep process. The first step is separation where the crude oil is separated into various components through the distillation process. The heavier constituents remain settled at the bottom whereas lighter ...
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3. Coal Mining is the term that encompasses the physical extraction or removal of coal from the Earth's Surface. When coal is used as fuel in power generation, it is referred to as Steaming or Thermal coal while those which are used to create coke for steel manufacturing is referred to as Coking or Metallurgical Coal. Coal can be mined by both Surface and Underground Mining methods. Surface ...
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Remaining matter in the coal is called volatile material such as moisture, ash content and sulfur content. These are gradually removed by metamorphic process pressure and heat. Bituminous coal has special significance because it contains Bitumen which on heating in absence of oxygen is converted into coking coal.
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Area of Focus. Key Objectives. Coal Analytics. Achieve the coal production target of 1012 MT for FY 202324. Increase coal production and efficiency. Formulate a coking coal strategy to enhance coking coal availability in the country. Improve the quality of coal. Private Investment. Achieve CAPEX target of Rs 21030 Crores for FY 202324.
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Coal Bed Methane, or CBM is seen as one of the alternatives. CBM is an unconventional natural gas that occurs in coal beds in adsorbed form during coalification process (transformation of plant material into coal) and is rich in methane content. It can be used for power generation, running internal combustion engines and as domestic fuel on ...
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Way Forward. There is a need to speed up the clearance process in order to make the best use of mineral resources.; To prevent minerelated accidents, strict enforcement of miningrelated rules is required, particularly the prohibition on RatHole and unscientific mining. Block allocations should be transparent, and a rulebased order should be established.
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The mining sector's contribution to the GDP is % at present. Mineral production in India grew at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of % between 201314 and 201718. It can cut down the import costs as the country is the 3 rd largest steel producer, with a production of million tonnes of crude steel in 2017.
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Unlocking coal mining for private players is a step forward to attain selfreliance in the coal sector. However, for sustainable utilization of coal, there is a need to look into these reforms from a multidimensional viewpoint. Announced Reforms In Coal Sector. Commercial mining of coal allowed, with 50 blocks to be offered to the private sector.
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Uses of Coal. It is mainly used to generate heat and electricity. It is used in s and in industries to accomplish various tasks. It is the cheapest source of power fuel. The iron and steel industry depends heavily on fossil fuel for energy. It is also used to produce useful products such as coke, tar, and coal gas.
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Coal bed methane (CBM) is a form of natural gas which can be recovered from coal deposits or coal seams (a coal deposit is a geographical location containing mineable accumulations of coal while a coal seam is entrapment of coal in underlying rock). The gas is formed during the natural conversion of plant material into coal, known as coalification.
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In this article, You will read Mineral Resources in India (Iron Ore Distribution in India) for UPSC IAS.. Mineral Resources. A mineral is a naturally occurring substance, representable by a chemical formula, that is usually solid and inorganic, and has a crystal structure.. More than two thousand minerals have been identified and most of these are inorganic, which are formed by the various ...
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Continued expansion of India's economy is expected during, with annual average GDP growth of %, fuelled partially by coal. India's push to domestic coal mining through both Coal India and auction of coal blocks to private companies, coal usage in India will increase as it plateaus in other parts of the world, including China.
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The term 'clean coal' is increasingly being used for supercritical coalfired plants without CCS, on the basis that CO 2 emissions are less than for older plants, but are still much greater than for nuclear or renewables. Some 26% of primary energy needs are met by coal and 37% of electricity is generated from coal, compared with 23% for ...
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Process: Coal gasification is a process in which coal is partially oxidised with air, oxygen, steam or carbon dioxide to form a fuel gas. This gas is then used instead of piped natural gas, methane and others for deriving energy. Insitu gasification of coal or Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) is the technique of converting coal into ...
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Coal mining taxes and royalties make up nearly 8% of state government revenue in Jharkhand. Most of the coal is transported to other states that have more facilities to burn it for power ...
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Coals are classified into three main ranks, or types: lignite, bituminous coal, and anthracite. These classifications are based on the amount of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen present in the coal. Coals other constituents include hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, ash, and sulfur. Some of the undesirable chemical constituents include chlorine and sodium.
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The method can be used to extract resources that would otherwise be too expensive to extract. It also provides a viable alternative to traditional coal mining techniques. UCG has a lower environmental and social impact than conventional coal mining with gasification, yet environmental issues exist, including the possibility for aquifer pollution.
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Recently announced Reforms in Coal Sector. Commercial mining of coal allowed, with 41 blocks to be offered to the private sector. The coal mines being auctioned are located in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Odisha. They include partially and fully explored mines. Simplified the process of the mining plan approval ...
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It is a primitive and hazardous method of mining for coal. It involves digging of very small narrow tunnels (hence called rat holes), usually 34 feet high, which workers (more often children)enter and extract coal. It is practiced mostly in Northeastern states, especially in Meghalaya because coal seam found in the hilly region is very thin ...
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It was envisioned that the auction process of coal mines for commercial mining would give a thrust to adoption of newer and cleaner technologies like coal gasification and coal liquefaction. 20% rebate was, therefore, extended for quantity under coal gasification or liquefaction. Also, extraction of Coal Bed Methane was allowed for mine ...
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The world's largest coal mining company, Coal India Limited (CIL), provides about 85% of India's domestic coal production. Orissa is the secondlargest state in terms of coal reserves, but it is also the thirdlargest coal producer, accounting for just over 15% of the country's total coal production. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.
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Cobalt is a strategic and critical mineral whose demand is expected to grow rapidly. This study aims to provide a comprehensive summary of cobalt extraction and recovery research from 2012 to 2021 in the form of bibliometric analysis. The work was based on the Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science) and carried out using the InCites of Clarivate for bibliometric data analysis and the ...
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يرغب أحد موردي المواد من بلجيكا في إنتاج مسحوق الحجر الجيري لملابسه...
الهند غنية بالموارد المعدنية المختلفة وهي سوق مهم لمعالجة المعادن
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